Cyber Risks · PortSwigger Research

Cross-site Web Socket hijacking

Summary: Cross-site WebSocket hijacking is a cross-site request forgery vulnerability on a WebSocket handshake, arising when the handshake relies solely on HTTP cookies for session handling and contains no CSRF tokens or other unpredictable values. An attacker's page on their own domain can open a cross-site WebSocket connection that the application handles in the victim user's session, letting the attacker send arbitrary messages and read the responses, giving two-way interaction rather than the one-way action of regular CSRF.

Bottom line: The attacker does not just trigger an action in the victim's session; they get a two-way channel into the application as that user, and the only precondition is a handshake that authenticates with cookies alone.

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Topics
Vulnerabilities & Patching
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